有效的医疗图像细分旨在通过轻量级实施框架为医学图像提供准确的像素预测。然而，轻量级框架通常无法实现高性能，并且遭受了跨域任务的可概括能力。在本文中，我们提出了一种可推广的知识蒸馏方法，用于良好，有效地分割跨域医学图像。主要是，我们提出了模型特异性的对准网络（MSAN），以提供由预训练的语义自动编码器（P-SAE）正规化的域不变表示。同时，定制的一致性培训（ACT）策略旨在促进MSAN培训。在MSAN中的域不变代表矢量中，我们提出了两个可推广的知识蒸馏方案，双对比度图蒸馏（DCGD）和域不变的交叉蒸馏（DICD）。具体而言，在DCGD中，设计了两种类型的隐式对比图，以从数据分布的角度来表示耦合和耦合语义相关性。在DICD中，来自MSAN的标题交换将两个模型（即教师和学生）的域语义向量（即教师和学生）借给了跨重建功能，这可以在学生模型中实现编码器和解码器的可推广改进。此外，定制了一个名为FR \'Echet语义距离（FSD）的度量，以验证正则化域不变特征的有效性。在肝和视网膜血管分割数据集上进行的广泛实验证明了我们方法的优先级，就轻量级框架的性能和概括而言。

面部草图合成已被广泛用于多媒体娱乐和执法。尽管深度神经网络最近发生了进展，但由于人脸的多样性和复杂性，准确而现实的面孔素描合成仍然是一项艰巨的任务。当前基于图像到图像翻译的面孔草图合成在小型数据集时通常会遇到过度拟合的问题。为了解决此问题，我们提出了面部绘制的端到端以内存的样式转移网络（最多）的范围，该网络（最多）可以产生具有有限数据的高保真草图。具体而言，引入了外部自我监督的动态内存模块，以捕获域对准知识。这样，我们提出的模型可以通过在特征级别上建立面部和相应草图之间的耐用关系来获得域转移能力。此外，我们为记忆模块中的特征比对设计了一种新颖的记忆细化损失（MR损失），该功能对齐可增强记忆插槽的准确性。在CUFS和CUFSF数据集上进行了广泛的实验表明，我们最网络可以实现最先进的性能，尤其是在结构相似性指数（SSIM）方面。

近年来，双相面孔皮草草图合成的显着进展随着生成的对抗性网络（GAN）的发展。双相面孔光学素材合成可以应用于数字娱乐和执法等宽范围的领域。然而，由于实际场景中的草图和复杂的照片变化，产生现实照片和不同的草图遭受了极大的挑战。为此，我们提出了一种新颖的语义驱动生成的对抗网络来解决上述问题，与图形表示学习合作。具体而言，我们将Class-Wise语义布局注入发电机以提供基于样式的空间监督，用于合成面部照片和草图。此外，为了提高生成的结果的保真度，我们利用语义布局来构造两种类型的代表性图，该图表示综合图像的类内语义特征和级别的结构特征。此外，我们基于所提出的代表性图设计了两种类型的约束，其便于保存生成的面部照片和草图中的细节。此外，为了进一步增强合成图像的感知质量，我们提出了一种新的双相培训策略，致力于通过迭代周期培训来细化所产生的结果。在CUFS和CUFSF数据集上进行了广泛的实验，以证明我们提出的方法实现了最先进的性能的突出能力。

人物图像的旨在在源图像上执行非刚性变形，这通常需要未对准数据对进行培训。最近，自我监督的方法通过合并自我重建的解除印章表达来表达这项任务的巨大前景。然而，这些方法未能利用解除戒断功能之间的空间相关性。在本文中，我们提出了一种自我监督的相关挖掘网络（SCM-NET）来重新排列特征空间中的源图像，其中两种协作模块是集成的，分解的样式编码器（DSE）和相关挖掘模块（CMM）。具体地，DSE首先在特征级别创建未对齐的对。然后，CMM建立用于特征重新排列的空间相关领域。最终，翻译模块将重新排列的功能转换为逼真的结果。同时，为了提高跨尺度姿态变换的保真度，我们提出了一种基于曲线图的体结构保持损失（BSR损耗），以保持半体上的合理的身体结构到全身。与Deepfashion DataSet进行的广泛实验表明了与其他监督和无监督和无监督的方法相比的方法的优势。此外，对面部的令人满意的结果显示了我们在其他变形任务中的方法的多功能性。

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown satisfying performance on various graph learning tasks. To achieve better fitting capability, most GNNs are with a large number of parameters, which makes these GNNs computationally expensive. Therefore, it is difficult to deploy them onto edge devices with scarce computational resources, e.g., mobile phones and wearable smart devices. Knowledge Distillation (KD) is a common solution to compress GNNs, where a light-weighted model (i.e., the student model) is encouraged to mimic the behavior of a computationally expensive GNN (i.e., the teacher GNN model). Nevertheless, most existing GNN-based KD methods lack fairness consideration. As a consequence, the student model usually inherits and even exaggerates the bias from the teacher GNN. To handle such a problem, we take initial steps towards fair knowledge distillation for GNNs. Specifically, we first formulate a novel problem of fair knowledge distillation for GNN-based teacher-student frameworks. Then we propose a principled framework named RELIANT to mitigate the bias exhibited by the student model. Notably, the design of RELIANT is decoupled from any specific teacher and student model structures, and thus can be easily adapted to various GNN-based KD frameworks. We perform extensive experiments on multiple real-world datasets, which corroborates that RELIANT achieves less biased GNN knowledge distillation while maintaining high prediction utility.

A recent study has shown a phenomenon called neural collapse in that the within-class means of features and the classifier weight vectors converge to the vertices of a simplex equiangular tight frame at the terminal phase of training for classification. In this paper, we explore the corresponding structures of the last-layer feature centers and classifiers in semantic segmentation. Based on our empirical and theoretical analysis, we point out that semantic segmentation naturally brings contextual correlation and imbalanced distribution among classes, which breaks the equiangular and maximally separated structure of neural collapse for both feature centers and classifiers. However, such a symmetric structure is beneficial to discrimination for the minor classes. To preserve these advantages, we introduce a regularizer on feature centers to encourage the network to learn features closer to the appealing structure in imbalanced semantic segmentation. Experimental results show that our method can bring significant improvements on both 2D and 3D semantic segmentation benchmarks. Moreover, our method ranks 1st and sets a new record (+6.8% mIoU) on the ScanNet200 test leaderboard. Code will be available at https://github.com/dvlab-research/Imbalanced-Learning.

We introduce Argoverse 2 (AV2) - a collection of three datasets for perception and forecasting research in the self-driving domain. The annotated Sensor Dataset contains 1,000 sequences of multimodal data, encompassing high-resolution imagery from seven ring cameras, and two stereo cameras in addition to lidar point clouds, and 6-DOF map-aligned pose. Sequences contain 3D cuboid annotations for 26 object categories, all of which are sufficiently-sampled to support training and evaluation of 3D perception models. The Lidar Dataset contains 20,000 sequences of unlabeled lidar point clouds and map-aligned pose. This dataset is the largest ever collection of lidar sensor data and supports self-supervised learning and the emerging task of point cloud forecasting. Finally, the Motion Forecasting Dataset contains 250,000 scenarios mined for interesting and challenging interactions between the autonomous vehicle and other actors in each local scene. Models are tasked with the prediction of future motion for "scored actors" in each scenario and are provided with track histories that capture object location, heading, velocity, and category. In all three datasets, each scenario contains its own HD Map with 3D lane and crosswalk geometry - sourced from data captured in six distinct cities. We believe these datasets will support new and existing machine learning research problems in ways that existing datasets do not. All datasets are released under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.

The surrogate loss of variational autoencoders (VAEs) poses various challenges to their training, inducing the imbalance between task fitting and representation inference. To avert this, the existing strategies for VAEs focus on adjusting the tradeoff by introducing hyperparameters, deriving a tighter bound under some mild assumptions, or decomposing the loss components per certain neural settings. VAEs still suffer from uncertain tradeoff learning.We propose a novel evolutionary variational autoencoder (eVAE) building on the variational information bottleneck (VIB) theory and integrative evolutionary neural learning. eVAE integrates a variational genetic algorithm into VAE with variational evolutionary operators including variational mutation, crossover, and evolution. Its inner-outer-joint training mechanism synergistically and dynamically generates and updates the uncertain tradeoff learning in the evidence lower bound (ELBO) without additional constraints. Apart from learning a lossy compression and representation of data under the VIB assumption, eVAE presents an evolutionary paradigm to tune critical factors of VAEs and deep neural networks and addresses the premature convergence and random search problem by integrating evolutionary optimization into deep learning. Experiments show that eVAE addresses the KL-vanishing problem for text generation with low reconstruction loss, generates all disentangled factors with sharp images, and improves the image generation quality,respectively. eVAE achieves better reconstruction loss, disentanglement, and generation-inference balance than its competitors.

Surgical robot automation has attracted increasing research interest over the past decade, expecting its huge potential to benefit surgeons, nurses and patients. Recently, the learning paradigm of embodied AI has demonstrated promising ability to learn good control policies for various complex tasks, where embodied AI simulators play an essential role to facilitate relevant researchers. However, existing open-sourced simulators for surgical robot are still not sufficiently supporting human interactions through physical input devices, which further limits effective investigations on how human demonstrations would affect policy learning. In this paper, we study human-in-the-loop embodied intelligence with a new interactive simulation platform for surgical robot learning. Specifically, we establish our platform based on our previously released SurRoL simulator with several new features co-developed to allow high-quality human interaction via an input device. With these, we further propose to collect human demonstrations and imitate the action patterns to achieve more effective policy learning. We showcase the improvement of our simulation environment with the designed new features and tasks, and validate state-of-the-art reinforcement learning algorithms using the interactive environment. Promising results are obtained, with which we hope to pave the way for future research on surgical embodied intelligence. Our platform is released and will be continuously updated in the website: https://med-air.github.io/SurRoL/

Brain midline shift (MLS) is one of the most critical factors to be considered for clinical diagnosis and treatment decision-making for intracranial hemorrhage. Existing computational methods on MLS quantification not only require intensive labeling in millimeter-level measurement but also suffer from poor performance due to their dependence on specific landmarks or simplified anatomical assumptions. In this paper, we propose a novel semi-supervised framework to accurately measure the scale of MLS from head CT scans. We formulate the MLS measurement task as a deformation estimation problem and solve it using a few MLS slices with sparse labels. Meanwhile, with the help of diffusion models, we are able to use a great number of unlabeled MLS data and 2793 non-MLS cases for representation learning and regularization. The extracted representation reflects how the image is different from a non-MLS image and regularization serves an important role in the sparse-to-dense refinement of the deformation field. Our experiment on a real clinical brain hemorrhage dataset has achieved state-of-the-art performance and can generate interpretable deformation fields.